WIFI-, GSM- en Radiostralingen

[Plusmarktboy]

Beste mensen,

Hebben WIFI-, GSM- en Radiostralingen effect op het menselijk lichaam? Ik kan op internet niet echt een specifiek artikel over vinden. Wel kan ik artikelen vinden over de wetregelgeving hiervan maar wat ik mij afvraag is of dit bijv. ziektes als kanker kunnen veroorzaken. Ik weet wel dat er laatst een artikel is gepubliceerd dat mobiele bellers een verhoogd risico hebben op kanker rondom het oor.

Alvast bedankt!

[Roos]

Ik zal even voor je zoeken.

Ik heb er laatst ook iets over gelezen, ik geloof uit The Economist, of heel misschien uit de Newsweek. Ging over het feit dat sommige mensen mobiele telefoons onder de hoede van de FDA (Food & Drug Administration) wilden zien. Zoek dus maar eens op de site van The Economist (www.economist.com) of Newsweek

(In het artikel stond dat sommige onderzoeken beweerden dan er een verhoogde kans op hersentumoren zou zijn, maar andere onderzoeken konden die resultaten helemaal niet hervinden. Was wel interessant )

[Roos]

Ik heb dit van Pubmed gehad, een zeer betrouwbare medische database. Het gehele artikel kan ik je niet geven, maar dit is de samenvatting:

J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2004 Sep-Oct;7(5):351-84. Related Articles, Links


Mobile telephones and cancer--a review of epidemiological evidence.

Kundi M, Mild K, Hardell L, Mattsson MO.

Institute of Environmental Health, Department for Occupational and Social Hygiene, Medical Faculty, University of Vienna Kinderspitalgasse 15 A-1095 Vienna Austria. Michael.Kundi@univie.ac.at

There is considerable public concern about possible long-term adverse health effects of mobile phones. While there is scientific controversy about long-term health effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields lasting for at least 50 yr, the rise and success of mobile telecommunication made it necessary to investigate the problem more comprehensively and assess the possible risk cautiously because never before in history has a substantial proportion of the population been exposed to microwaves in the near field and at comparably high levels. Because the mostly localized exposure target region is the head, most epidemiological studies focus on brain tumors. Overall nine epidemiological studies have been published, four from the United States, two from Sweden, and one each from Denmark, Finland, and Germany. Seven studies were mainly on brain tumors, with one investigating in addition to brain tumors salivary gland cancer and another cancer of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues, and one examining intraocular melanoma. All studies have some methodological deficiencies: (1) too short duration of mobile phone use to be helpful in risk assessment, (2) exposure was not rigorously determined, and (3) there is a possibility of recall and response error in some studies. Nevertheless, all studies approaching reasonable latencies found an increased cancer risk associated with mobile phone use. Estimates of relative risk in these studies vary between 1.3 and 4.6 with highest overall risk for acoustic neuroma (3.5) and uveal melanoma (4.2), and there is evidence for enhanced cancer risk with increasing latency and duration of mobile phone use.

PMID: 15371240 [PubMed - in process]

[Roos]

Dit is een ander onderzoek: een verschillende uitkomst, maar je moet goed naar de opzet van het onderzoek kijken, en naar welk soort schade is gekeken.

1: Occup Environ Med. 2004 Aug;61(8):675-9. Related Articles, Links


No association between the use of cellular or cordless telephones and salivary gland tumours.

Hardell L, Hallquist A, Hansson Mild K, Carlberg M, Gertzen H, Schildt EB, Dahlqvist A.

Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Orebro, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se

AIM: To investigate the association between the use of cellular or cordless telephones and the risk for salivary gland tumours. METHODS: Cases were assessed from the six regional cancer registries in Sweden. Four controls matched for sex and age in five year age groups were selected for each case. A total of 293 living cases and 1172 controls were included. RESULTS: There were 267 (91%) participating cases and 1053 (90%) controls. Overall no significantly increased risk was found. Odds ratios were 0.92 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.44) for use of analogue phones, 1.01 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.50) for use of digital phones, and 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.43) for use of cordless phones. Similar results were found for different salivary gland localisations. No effect of tumour induction period or latency was seen, although few subjects reported use for more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: No association between the use of cellular or cordless phones and salivary gland tumours was found, although this study does not permit conclusions for long term heavy use.

PMID: 15258273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[Roos]

Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004;30 Suppl 1:1-30. Related Articles, Links


Electromagnetic fields and health effects--epidemiologic studies of cancer, diseases of the central nervous system and arrhythmia-related heart disease.

Johansen C.

Department of Psychosocial Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. christof@cancer.dk

This epidemiologic investigation comprised separate studies of the risk of cancer, cause-specific mortality rates, risks for neurodegenerative diseases, and the risk of arrhythmia-related heart disease among employees exposed to extremely low-frequency (50-Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the Danish utility industry. All the employees in this industry were followed-up in several registers. The risk of disease was analyzed in relation to occupational exposure to EMF, latency, and duration of employment. A specific job-exposure matrix was developed and validated by comparison with direct measurements of EMF during a workday. Linkage with the Danish Cancer Register did not identify increased risks for the cancers suggested a priori to be associated with exposure to EMF, including leukemia, brain tumors, and breast cancer. Significantly increased risks for lung cancer and mesothelioma were identified for workers highly exposed to asbestos. Linkage with the National Mortality Register revealed a significantly increased overall mortality rate from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with an increasing trend with duration of employment and EMF exposure. In addition, a significantly increased mortality rate from electric accidents was observed. It was hypothesized that the observation of increased mortality from ALS was associated with exposure to EMF or electric shocks. No increased mortality rate from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease was observed. Linkage with the National Hospital Register also revealed an increased risk of ALS and, thereby confirmed the finding of an increased mortality rate for this disease in the previous study. Linkage of the cohort with the Multiple Sclerosis Register revealed an increased risk of multiple sclerosis, which was not, however, significant. Linkage with the Pacemaker Register showed no increased risk of severe arrhythmia-related heart disease. The second part of the study included the establishment of a large, nationwide cohort of mobile phone subscribers comprising some 420 000 persons. No increased risk was observed for the cancers considered a priori to be possibly associated with the radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile phones, which were brain tumors, including acoustic neuroma, salivary gland tumors, and leukemia. The data were analyzed by duration of phone use, latency, system used (NMT, GSM or both) and age at first subscription. A study of the incidence of ocular malignant melanoma in comparison with the annual increase among the mobile phone subscribers showed a highly stable incidence rate for this rare cancer in Denmark over close to 50 years of registration. On the basis of these studies and the scientific literature, it is concluded that occupational exposure to 50-Hz EMF is not associated with an increased risk of cancer, but that these fields, electric shocks, or some other unknown factor related to alternating current electricity may be associated with the risk of ALS. There is no clear evidence that 50-Hz EMF is associated with other neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases. At present, there is little, if any, evidence that the use of mobile phones is associated with cancer in adults, including brain tumors, acoustic neuroma, cancer of the salivary glands, leukemia, or malignant melanoma of the eye.

PMID: 15255560 [PubMed - in process]

[Roos]

Ann Pharm Fr. 2004 Jul;62(4):219-32. Related Articles, Links


[Evaluation of the effects of electric and magnetic fields in humans]

Touitou Y.

Service de Biochimie medicale et biologie moleculaire, Faculte de Medecine Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris. touitou@ccr.jussieu.fr

During the twentieth century, environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by human activity has increased regularly, at the same time as the quest for electrical energy. Therefore we are all exposed to a complex set of electric and magnetic fields of weak intensity. The levels of exposure of the general population range from 5 to 50 V/m for electric fields and from 0.01 to 0.2 micro T for magnetic fields. Fields in cause are essentially those associated to the use of the electric current (extremely low frequency, ELF: 50 Hz in France, 60 Hz in the United States) and those related to the use of cell phones (radio frequency: 900 and 1,800 MHz). The question of the possible risk on health by exposure to electric and/or magnetic fields became a concern to scientists and is now an important public debate. A number of expertises, led in particular by the WHO, leaning on the careful inspection of scientific publications from numerous countries, conclude that current data do not allow to assert the existence of sanitary effects; however our knowledge of the biologic effects of electromagnetic fields still contains certain gaps which should be filled. Indeed, the numerous epidemiological studies relative to the occurrence of cancer by exposure to electromagnetic fields are conflicting. In every case the increase of the risk, when described, is always weak. The measure of the Relative Risk (RR) which establishes the relation is approximately 2-3. At present, some data concerning the risk of childhood leukemia in the event of exposure of ELF generated in the home indicate that this risk can exist when children are chronically exposed to more than 0.4 micro T (the relative risk is in the order of 2). In the field of radio frequencies, the increasing use of cell phones (38 million users in France) and their antennae - basis are another subject of concern for the effects on health they are susceptible to produce. Large-scale studies, implying numerous countries, carried on at present within the framework of the WHO should bring elements of answer to the unresolved questions.



Succes!

[Plusmarktboy]

dank je wel roos !