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Van de inquistitie zou je bijvoorbeeld kunnen nagaan hoeveel heksen zijn verbrand. Hierover zijn gegevens bekend. Dan heb je in ieder geval een idee op welke schaal je moet denken.
Wat betreft de kruistochten is het moeilijker. Je zou per kruistocht kunnen achterhalen hoeveel mensen gestorven zijn. Bij de vierde kruistocht wordt gewezen op zo'n 70.000 slachtoffers in Jeruzalem zelf (dus van de bevolking0. Het betekent een hoop werk (zeven grote kruistochten en talloze kleinere) en ik weet niet of je daar zin in hebt.
Ter illustratie: - Crusades (1095-1291)
* Estimated totals:
o Wertham: 1,000,000
o Charles Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841): 2,000,000 Europeans killed. [http://www.bootlegbooks.com/NonFicti...ns/chap09.html]
o Aletheia, The Rationalist's Manual: 5,000,000
* Individual Events:
o Davies: Crusaders killed up to 8,000 Jews in Rhineland
o Paul Johnson A History of the Jews (1987): 1,000 Jewish women in Rhineland comm. suicide to avoid the mob, 1096.
o Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, v.5, 6
+ 1st Crusade: 300,000 Eur. k at Battle of Nice [Nicea].
+ Crusaders vs. Solimon of Roum: 4,000 Christians, 3,000 Moslems
+ 1098, Fall of Antioch: 100,000 Moslems massacred.
+ 50,000 Pilgrims died of disease.
+ 1099, Fall of Jerusalem: 70,000 Moslems massacred.
+ Siege of Tiberias: 30,000 Christians k.
+ Siege of Tyre: 1,000 Turks
+ Richard the Lionhearted executes 3,000 Moslem POWs.
+ 1291: 100,000 Christians k after fall of Acre.
+ Fall of Christian Antioch: 17,000 massacred.
+ [TOTAL: 677,000 listed in these episodes here.]
o Catholic Encyclopedia (1910) [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/]
+ Jaffa: 20,000 Christians massacred, 1197
o Sorokin estimates that French, English & Imperial German Crusaders lost a total of 3,600 in battle.
+ 1st C (1096-99): 400
+ 2nd C (1147-49): 750
+ 3rd C (1189-91): 930
+ 4th C (1202-04): 120
+ 5th C (1228-29): 600
+ 7th C (1248-54): 700
o James Trager, The People's Chronology (1992)
+ 1099: Crusaders slaughter 40,000 inhabs of Jerusalem. Dis/starv reduced Crusaders from 300,000 to 60,000.
+ 1147: 2nd Crusades begins with 500,000. "Most" lost to starv./disease/battle.
+ 1190: 500 Jews massacred in York.
+ 1192: 3rd Crusade reduced from 100,000 to 5,000 through famine, plagues and desertions in campaign vs Antioch.
+ 1212: Children's Crusade loses some 50,000.
+ [TOTAL: Just in these incidents, it appears the Europeans lost around 650,000.]
* TOTAL: When I take all the individual death tolls listed here, weed out the duplicates, fill in the blanks, apply Occam, etc. I get a very rough total of 1½ M deaths in the Crusades.
( bron)
Laatst gewijzigd op 11-05-2004 om 17:31.
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